Tucson Artifacts: Difference between revisions
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=Psuedoarchaeological Narrative= | =Psuedoarchaeological Narrative= | ||
There are multiple | |||
There are multiple psuedoarchaeological narratives as to what these artifacts prove or contribute to. Depending on who you ask, you will get a different story, which contributes even more to the pseudo nature of these discoveries. Other information worth noting is the use of A.D. for the dating on these artifacts before that had become common terminology for establishing dates and the usage of modern words in the inscriptions of the artifacts. <ref name="list of psuedo"> Tackenberg, William. “Bent Family Collection - Arizona Historical Society.” Bent Family Collection, https://arizonahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/library_Bent-Family.pdf. </ref> | |||
Despite any controversy surrounding the discovery of the Tucson Artifacts, Thomas Bent remained a true believer in the authenticity of the artifacts. Additionally, he wrote out a report in length surrounding the discovery of the artifacts in great detail. This book was entitled "The Tucson Artifacts". Sixty-six years later, Bent's son, Thomas W. Bent Jr., donated the collection and all the artifacts to the Arizona Historical Society. <ref name="list of psuedo"/> | |||
The following are a few explanations for what the Tucson Artifacts indicate or history they are claimed to support: | The following are a few explanations for what the Tucson Artifacts indicate or history they are claimed to support: | ||
===Romans in Tucson=== | ===Romans in Tucson=== | ||
When the Tucson Artifacts were translated, they revealed a narrative of a battle in the 8th Century between Native Americans, described as "Toltezus", predecessors of the Aztecs, and a settlement of Roman Jews. The artifacts in nature suggested there was an Ancient Roman Settlement in Tucson, Arizona. <ref>“Romans Allegedly in Tucson.” Pima County Public Library, https://www.library.pima.gov/content/romans-allegedly-in-tucson/</ref> | When the Tucson Artifacts were translated, they revealed a narrative of a battle in the 8th Century between Native Americans, described as "Toltezus", predecessors of the Aztecs, and a settlement of Roman Jews. The artifacts in nature suggested there was an Ancient Roman Settlement in Tucson, Arizona. <ref>“Romans Allegedly in Tucson.” Pima County Public Library, https://www.library.pima.gov/content/romans-allegedly-in-tucson/</ref> | ||
Additionally, another narrative of Romans in Tucson was found on the the inscription of the cross that supported the traveling of ships from the Roman Empire to the New World. Yet these ships, carrying 700 Christianized Romans, landed on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Then the Christian Romans marched northwest until they got to, what is now known as, Tucson, Arizona. According to the cross, they built a city named Terra Calalus. This was all said to have taken place from 775 A.D. to 900 A.D. In 900 A.D. the Native American tribes that had lived there previously destroyed the Roman colony, which is why there was no trace found until these artifacts. <ref name="romans"> Hudnall, Ken. “Did Europeans Settle in the Arizona Desert Thousands of Years before Columbus Sailed to America?” Borderzine, 2 Mar. 2012, https://borderzine.com/2012/03/did-europeans-settle-in-the-arizona-desert-thousands-of-years-before-columbus-sailed-to-america/. </ref> | Additionally, another narrative of Romans in Tucson was found on the the inscription of the cross that supported the traveling of ships from the Roman Empire to the New World. Yet these ships, carrying 700 Christianized Romans, landed on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Then the Christian Romans marched northwest until they got to, what is now known as, Tucson, Arizona. According to the cross, they built a city named Terra Calalus. This was all said to have taken place from 775 A.D. to 900 A.D. In 900 A.D. the Native American tribes that had lived there previously destroyed the Roman colony, which is why there was no trace found until these artifacts. <ref name="romans"> Hudnall, Ken. “Did Europeans Settle in the Arizona Desert Thousands of Years before Columbus Sailed to America?” Borderzine, 2 Mar. 2012, https://borderzine.com/2012/03/did-europeans-settle-in-the-arizona-desert-thousands-of-years-before-columbus-sailed-to-america/. </ref> | ||
===Mormons=== | ===Mormons=== | ||
The Mormons attempted to use the inscriptions on the artifacts to prove the book of Mormon to be truthful. | The Mormons attempted to use the inscriptions on the artifacts to prove the book of Mormon to be truthful. | ||
==Proof In The Pudding== | ==Proof In The Pudding== | ||
=References= | =References= | ||
Revision as of 08:07, 17 December 2021
by Becca Gross
What are the Tucson Artifacts?
The Tucson Artifacts, also known as the Tucson Crosses or Silverbell Artifacts, totaled more than thirty lead objects resembling crosses, swords, and other religious related objects. [3]
Where were the Tucson Artifacts found?
The Tucson Artifacts were found in Tucson, Arizona. To give some context, in 1924, Tucson, Arizona was dry, hot, and a vast desert. The town had a record low year in terms of rainfall at this time. There was nothing special about Tucson, except for the University of Arizona, which only had 1600 students and a faculty of 130. [4] All in all, Tucson was not a well known town.
The Discoveries and Excavations
There were two main discoveries of the Tucson Artifacts. The excavation of these discoveries were well documented by in the newspaper and with photos.
The First Discovery
The first Tucson Artifact was found in Tucson, Arizona in September of 1924 by Charles Manier. Manier and his family were traveling along Silverbell Road and they became interested in these abandoned lime kilns. The family stopped and approached the kiln. As they did, Manier saw an object sticking out of the ground. [6] It turns out that Manier saw a metal cross sticking out of the ground by the abandoned lime kiln on the property of a man named Thomas W. Bent. Upon further discovery, the metal cross was two pieces stuck together in the form of a cross. When Manier broke the two pieces apart, he discovered a foreign looking lettering engraved onto them.[3]
Translation
Manier made the first discovery of the Tucson Artifacts by discovering the two part cross with foreign lettering. Upon this discovery, he contacted Dr. Frank H. Fowler, a professor at the University of Arizona who teaches Latin, and he was able to interpret the Latin lettering. [3] Included is the partial translation done by Dr. Frank H. Fowler of the First Tucson Artifact:
"We are borne over the sea [to] Calalus, an unknown land
[where] Toltezus Silvanus ruled far and wide over a people.
Theodore transferred his troops to the foot of the city Rhoda
and more than seven hundred were captured. No gold is taken away.
Theodore, a man of great courage, rules for fourteen years. Jacob
rules for six. With the help of God, nothing has to be feared. In
the name of Israel. OL. Jacob renews the city. With God's help Jacob
rules with mighty hand in the manner of his ancestors. Sing to the Lord.
May his fame live forever. OL." [7]
The Remaining Discoveries
The cross that was discovered by Manier was found on Thomas W. Bent's property. Together Bent and Manier excavated the rest of the artifacts. The other thirty-some artifacts consisted of more crosses, swords, spearpoints, and religious artifacts. All of which have been referred to as the Silverbell Road artifacts, Silverbell artifacts, Tucson artifacts, Tucson Roman artifacts, and lead crosses. [4]
Psuedoarchaeological Narrative
There are multiple psuedoarchaeological narratives as to what these artifacts prove or contribute to. Depending on who you ask, you will get a different story, which contributes even more to the pseudo nature of these discoveries. Other information worth noting is the use of A.D. for the dating on these artifacts before that had become common terminology for establishing dates and the usage of modern words in the inscriptions of the artifacts. [6] Despite any controversy surrounding the discovery of the Tucson Artifacts, Thomas Bent remained a true believer in the authenticity of the artifacts. Additionally, he wrote out a report in length surrounding the discovery of the artifacts in great detail. This book was entitled "The Tucson Artifacts". Sixty-six years later, Bent's son, Thomas W. Bent Jr., donated the collection and all the artifacts to the Arizona Historical Society. [6]
The following are a few explanations for what the Tucson Artifacts indicate or history they are claimed to support:
Romans in Tucson
When the Tucson Artifacts were translated, they revealed a narrative of a battle in the 8th Century between Native Americans, described as "Toltezus", predecessors of the Aztecs, and a settlement of Roman Jews. The artifacts in nature suggested there was an Ancient Roman Settlement in Tucson, Arizona. [8]
Additionally, another narrative of Romans in Tucson was found on the the inscription of the cross that supported the traveling of ships from the Roman Empire to the New World. Yet these ships, carrying 700 Christianized Romans, landed on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Then the Christian Romans marched northwest until they got to, what is now known as, Tucson, Arizona. According to the cross, they built a city named Terra Calalus. This was all said to have taken place from 775 A.D. to 900 A.D. In 900 A.D. the Native American tribes that had lived there previously destroyed the Roman colony, which is why there was no trace found until these artifacts. [9]
Mormons
The Mormons attempted to use the inscriptions on the artifacts to prove the book of Mormon to be truthful.
Proof In The Pudding
References
- ↑ Nelson, Rian. “THE AMERICAN INDIAN IS OF SEMITIC ORIGIN/LEAD ARTIFACTS.” Bofm.blog, 2020, https://www.bofm.blog/the-american-indian-is-of-semitic-origin/.
- ↑ “Tucson Artifacts Suggest Romans Made It to New World in 8th Century: Expert.” Www.theepochtimes.com, 10 Apr. 2016, https://www.theepochtimes.com/tucson-artifacts-suggest-europeans-made-it-to-new-world-in-8th-century-expert_2017332.html.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Moran, Gary. “Genuine Ooparts Crucial to History or a Colossal Hoax? A Thorough Examination of the Tucson Artifacts.” Ancient Origins, Ancient Origins, 26 Jan. 2021, https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/tucson-artifacts-0011720
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Burgess, Don. “Romans in Tucson? The Story of a Archeological Hoax.” Go.gale.com, University of Arizona, 2009, https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA203330630&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=08948410&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7E42debf.
- ↑ America, Post author By Ancient. “Tucson Crosses and Quetzalcoatl.” Ancient America, 6 Oct. 2015, https://ancientamerica.com/tucson-crosses-and-quetzalcoatl/.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Tackenberg, William. “Bent Family Collection - Arizona Historical Society.” Bent Family Collection, https://arizonahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/library_Bent-Family.pdf.
- ↑ Hunter, J. Michael. “The Kinderhook Plates, the Tucson Artifacts, and Mormon Archeological Zeal.” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 31, no. 1, Mormon History Association, University of Illinois Press, 2005, pp. 31–70, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23289247.
- ↑ “Romans Allegedly in Tucson.” Pima County Public Library, https://www.library.pima.gov/content/romans-allegedly-in-tucson/
- ↑ Hudnall, Ken. “Did Europeans Settle in the Arizona Desert Thousands of Years before Columbus Sailed to America?” Borderzine, 2 Mar. 2012, https://borderzine.com/2012/03/did-europeans-settle-in-the-arizona-desert-thousands-of-years-before-columbus-sailed-to-america/.